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Loop Control Statements (break, continue, pass)

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Loop control statements modify the normal flow of a loop. Python provides three keywords for this purpose: break, continue, and pass.

break

  • Purpose: Terminates the loop entirely.
  • Usage: Often used when a specific condition is met and further iterations are unnecessary.

Python

numbers = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13]
for num in numbers:
  if num > 6:
    break
  print(num)

continue

  • Purpose: Skips the current iteration of the loop and moves to the next iteration.
  • Usage: Useful for skipping specific elements or conditions within a loop.

Python

numbers = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13]
for num in numbers:
  if num % 2 == 0:
    continue
  print(num)

pass

  • Purpose: Does nothing. Often used as a placeholder when a statement is syntactically required but no action is needed.
  • Usage: Common in empty function or class bodies.

Python

def function():
  pass  # Placeholder for future implementation

Key points:

  • break and continue can be used in both for and while loops.
  • pass is generally used as a placeholder and has no effect on the loop’s execution.
  • Overuse of break and continue can make code less readable. Use them judiciously.

When should I use break?

Use break to terminate the loop entirely.

When should I use continue?

Use continue to skip the current iteration and move to the next.

Can I use break and continue in nested loops?

Yes, you can use them in both inner and outer loops.

What is the pass statement used for?

The pass statement is a null operation, often used as a placeholder.

Can I use multiple break or continue statements in a loop?

Yes, you can use multiple break or continue statements within a loop.

How do break and continue affect loop performance?

Frequent use of break or continue might impact loop performance.

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