Django is a high-level Python web framework designed to encourage rapid development and clean design. It follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern, providing a comprehensive set of tools for building web applications.
Core Components
- Models: Define the structure of your data using Python classes.
- Views: Handle requests and return responses, often rendering templates.
- Templates: Create dynamic HTML pages using the Django template language.
- URL Configuration: Maps URLs to views.
- Admin Interface: Provides a built-in interface for managing data.
Key Features
- ORM (Object-Relational Mapper): Simplifies database interactions.
- Authentication and Authorization: Includes built-in user management.
- Templating Engine: Powerful template language for dynamic content.
- URL Routing: Automatic URL generation and reverse URL resolution.
- Security: Built-in security features like CSRF protection and SQL injection prevention.
Project Structure
A typical Django project has the following structure:
project_name/
manage.py
project_name/
__init__.py
settings.py
urls.py
wsgi.py
app1/
__init__.py
models.py
views.py
templates/
app1/
index.html
Benefits of Django
- Rapid development: High-level abstractions and built-in features accelerate development.
- Scalability: Designed to handle large-scale web applications.
- Security: Strong emphasis on security best practices.
- Large community: Extensive documentation and support resources.
Django is suitable for complex web applications that require robust features and a structured approach. It’s often used for content management systems, social networks, and enterprise applications.
Introduction to Django
What are the core components of a Django project?
Models, views, templates, URLs, and settings.
How does Django compare to Flask?
Django is a full-stack framework with more features, while Flask is a microframework.
What is a Django model?
A Python class that represents the structure of data in the database.
How do I create a model?
Define a class that inherits from models.Model.
How do I create a database table from a model?
Use the makemigrations and migrate management commands.
What is a Django view?
A Python function that handles incoming requests and returns a response.
How do I define a view in Django?
Define a function and decorate it with a URL pattern.
What is the Django template language?
A language for creating dynamic HTML templates.
How do I pass data to a Django template?
Use a dictionary as the context argument in the render() function.
How do I define URL patterns in Django?
Use the urlpatterns list in the urls.py file.
How do I structure a Django project?
Follow the recommended project layout with apps, settings, urls, and templates.