Control Structures

Control structures dictate the flow of execution in a program. Python offers several control structures to handle different scenarios.

Conditional Statements: if, else, elif

• if: Executes a block of code if a condition is true.
• else: Executes a block of code if the condition is false.
• elif: Used for multiple conditional checks.

Python

age = 18
if age >= 18:
    print("You are an adult")
elif age >= 13:
    print("You are a teenager")
else:
    print("You are a child")

Loops: for and while

• for: Iterates over a sequence (list, tuple, string, etc.).
• while: Executes a block of code repeatedly as long as a condition is true.

Python

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for fruit in fruits:
    print(fruit)

count = 0
while count < 5:
    print(count)
    count += 1

Loop Control Statements

• break: Terminates the loop entirely.
• continue: Skips the current iteration and moves to the next.
• pass: Does nothing, often used as a placeholder.

Python

for i in range(10):
    if i == 5:
        break
    print(i)

Additional Control Structures

• match-case: Introduced in Python 3.10, provides a more concise way to handle multiple conditions.

Python

x = 10
match x:
    case 0:
        print("x is zero")
    case 1:
        print("x is one")
    case _:
        print("x is something else")

By understanding these control structures, you can create complex and dynamic Python programs.

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