Basic Syntax

Python Basic Syntax

Indentation

• Whitespace matters: Python uses indentation to define code blocks.
• Consistent indentation: Use either 4 spaces or one tab for each indentation level.
• Incorrect indentation: Leads to IndentationError.

Python

if condition:
    # Indented block for true condition
else:
    # Indented block for false condition

Variables and Data Types

• Variables: Named containers for storing data values.
• Data types: Numbers (integers, floats), strings, booleans, lists, tuples, dictionaries.
• Dynamic typing: No need to declare variable types explicitly.

Python

x = 10  # Integer
name = "Alice"  # String
is_active = True  # Boolean

Operators

• Arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **
• Comparison operators: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
• Logical operators: and, or, not

Keywords

• Reserved words: Cannot be used as variable names.
  • Examples: if, else, for, while, def, class, import, etc.

Comments

• Single-line comments: Start with #
• Multi-line comments: Use triple quotes (“”” or ”’).

Input and Output

• print() function: Displays output to the console.
• input() function: Takes user input.

Python

name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello,", name)

Basic Control Flow

• if statements: Execute code based on conditions.
• for loops: Iterate over sequences.
• while loops: Execute code as long as a condition is true.

Python

for i in range(5):
    print(i)

Functions

• def keyword: Define functions.
• Parameters: Pass values to functions.
• Return values: Send values back from functions.

Python

def greet(name):
    print("Hello,", name)

greet("Alice")

By understanding these fundamental concepts, you can start building more complex Python programs.

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